Journalism & Media

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Will newspapers still be called newspapers if they cease to print on papers? Or will it simply be the online news site?

It’s kind of absurd in Nepali context to think that newspapers is facing big challenge from online web sites – especially at the time when the newspapers are actually growing. But unlike many other technologies, web technology impacts very quickly and it’s not completely worthless to predict that in a decade or so, newspaper would become a rarity!

Wait… the newspaper here means the newspapers printed on the pulp paper and thrown to our door early morning or bought from stalls.
The hardware that is making news these days is e-reader. Beginning from Amazon’s Kindle to Barnes & Noble’s Nook to Sony’s readers to announced-but-not-available Skiff to just announced Apple’s iPad, e-readers are hot products.

With hot products come predictions. For many technology writers, e-readers are future of newspapers. Here is a new one in the line: Can the Apple iPad save newspapers? By Mercedes Bunz in the Guardian’s The Digital Content Blog. The concluding line of the writing is: If Steve Jobs would save journalism, it might be possible that publishers would get him the Holy Grail. And, there are many such blogs, and articles in the same line.

What I am wondering at is that will newspapers be still called newspapers if they are not available on paper and only available in e-readers. And, most important question is: is online killing journalism? Or does death of newspapers mean death of newspapers?

For me, newspaper will not be newspapers if they are not on papers. They will simply be online news site – regardless of what design they have or in which devices they are available. The media industry (for now, the newspaper industry) can neither remain constraint with once-a-day update in the growing threat from pure online news portals nor they can avoid multimedia even if their products are only available in e-readers.

If that happens, the line between online news portals and used-to-be-printed-on-paper online news will be blurred and omitted.

E-readers can off course save the media industry who can simply close-down printing presses (and replace by a team of web designers and programmers) in the fight of survival with the online news portals.

And, I believe newspapers are not the yardstick of journalism. Journalism is collecting, writing and presenting of news and in doing so following some universally accepted principles such as accuracy, objectivity and fairness.
 
As a blogger – I always believed that there is nothing called absolute objectivity (for that matter nothing absolutely right or absolutely wrong). It depends on the perspective of the individuals. And, I also believe that feelings of the human being in any news are more important than facts.

Journalism should evolve; the principles we hold today for it were not the exact principles held a few decades ago and they will not remain exact in next few decades. So, even if there is no newspapers, journalism will remain with more strong principles and matured practices.

Newspapers may be something not as popular as it today, but media industry will remain [I don't say survive because falling down of companies and rising of new companies is a constant process]. But the dominant medium will be web!

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[Paraphrase of some interesting points of two speeches during the launching of a book entitled MBM Anthology of Media Ethics edited by my friend Bhuwan KC. The speeches were those of Minister for Communication and Information Shankar Pokharel and Professor P Kharel.]

Shankar Pokharel

Politicians and/or political parties use media for two reasons: either to establish their opinion or to bargain on certain political interest. Political news without quoting sources is less information/facts and more message of political interest.

Journalists should always use multiple sources on sensitive news.

Media prioritize on making an issue controversial rather than making news creditable. This makes news focusing on negative side. The tendency to covering news on its positive aspects is lacking.

While reading news, we find that the reporters speak from within the news. This, I believe, is a legacy of mission journalism when journalists could not find anyone to speak and people were not free to speak as freely as the journalists.

The change is also needed in the diversified coverage. Media is centered in political issues while the social change requires media also focusing on financial and social issues.

Media also have to be play role in national interest. Media coverage of Iraq war by US media and Mumbai attack by Indian media are some examples. US media covered bad news about the war only after the war ended. I wonder if incident similar to Mumbai attack had happened in Nepal, our media would have criticizing long time taken by police to end the seizure.

Prof. P Kharel

Nepali media has to be clear in a few aspects of media ethics.

The first is on being activists of political parties. Should journalists be political activists or not?

The second is media need to clarify on junket / gifts. Free trips and/or gifts makes journalists more inclined to cover issues for those benefits. Media need to have clear policy on those aspects. I am not saying it’s wrong, but at least media need to develop a kind of policy which does stop individual journalist from seeking such favors from INGOs/embassies/ministries through media coverage.

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The title of this post came from a small story that Nirmala Mani Adhikary said during his welcome speech. Once Buddha asked a King who was building big walls to protect his palace: the wall would save you from outer enemies but what would save you from the enemies within your palace?

Minister Pokharel recalled the story and said there are no ways in modern democracy that the state could make public policy or laws or regulations against freedom of press; and in such scenario the biggest enemy of the media’s professional development is non-implementation of ethics.

I agreed!

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The book MBM Anthology on Media Ethics is published by Department of Journalism and Mass Communication at the Madan Bhandari Memorial College and it’s Communication Study Center and edited by Bhuwan KC. It has four articles: Development of journalistic ethics in Nepal (by Yam Bahadur Dura), Practices of Journalistic Ethics in Nepal (by Bhuwan KC), Looking for a common ground: Ethical practices in South Asian media (by Indra Dhoj Kshetri) and Manusmriti as a resource of media ethics (by Nirmala Mani Adhikary).

I reckon this book a very useful resource for media students and those interested in media for some valuable articles and the collection of all media ethic documents of Nepal (in annexes).

A disclaimer: I was involved as a copy editor in the book.

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